Diphtheria Risk Assessment – 09 August 2023

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, with symptoms typically appearing 2 – 5 days post-
exposure. These symptoms can vary in intensity. The onset is usually gradual, marked by a sore throat and fever. In severe cases, the bacteria generate a toxin, leading to a dense grey or white patch at the throat’s rear. This obstruction can impede breathing and swallowing, accompanied by a hoarse cough. Enlarged lymph nodes might cause neck swelling. The toxin may enter the bloodstream, resulting in complications like heart muscle inflammation, nerve inflammation, kidney issues, and bleeding due to reduced blood platelets. Damaged heart muscles may yield irregular heart rates, while nerve inflammation can lead to paralysis.